Description: A small to medium-sized grouper. Body elongate. Yellowish-grey or reddish, with a pattern of 7 to 9 dark brown vertical bands on the upper sides, and a few yellow or orange longitudinal lines on the sides of the head.
Global Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Possibly also in the Red Sea. View Map
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES
Size: Maximum length 40.0 cm (standard length); common length 25.0 cm (total length).
Age:
Weight length rel.: Portugal, south coast (Santos et al. 2002): a=0.0729, b=2.410, r2=0.971 (n=51).
Portugal, west coast (Mendes et al. 2004): a=0.0213, b=2.776, r2=0.891 (n=95).
FishBase: Bayesian estimated length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00983 - 0.01281), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03).
Growth type: Negative allometric (Santos et al. 2002; Mendes et al. 2004).
von Bertallanfy growth parameters:
Reproduction:
Maturity: 17.5 cm
Behavioural ecology: Solitary and territorial species.
Population structure & migrations:
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Depth range: FishBase: 5 - 500 m. More abundant below 50 m.
Habitat: Demersal, found on the shelf and upper slope on rocks, Posidonia beds, sand and mud bottoms.
Feeding habits: Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans.
Trophic level: FishBase: 3.4
FISHERIES
Commercial interest: Minor commercial species.
Conservation status: Global: Not evaluated.
Europe: Least concern.
González J., Hernández C., Marrero P., Rapp E. (2000). Peces de Canarias: GuÃa Submarina (5th edition). Francisco Lemus Editor, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canarias, Spain, 235 pp.
Hureau J.-C., ed. (1984-1985). Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO. Accessed through: Marine Species Identification Portal. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://species-identification.org (2014).
IUCN (2014). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. www.iucnredlist.org
Mendes B., Fonseca P., Campos A. (2004). Weight–length relationships for 46 fish species of the Portuguese west coast. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20(5): 355-361.
Nieto A., Ralph G.M., Comeros-Raynal M.T., Kemp J., GarcÃa Criado M., Allen D.J., Dulvy N.K., Walls R.H.L., Russell B., Pollard D., GarcÃa S., Craig M., Collette B.B., Pollom R., Biscoito M., Labbish Chao N., Abella A., Afonso P., Ãlvarez H., Carpenter K.E., Clò S., Cook R., Costa M.J., Delgado J., Dureuil M., Ellis J.R., Farrell E.D., Fernandes P., Florin A-B., Fordham S., Fowle, S., Gil de Sola L., Gil Herrera J., Goodpaster A., Harvey M., Heessen H., Herler J., Jung A., Karmovskaya E., Keskin C., Knudsen S.W., Kobyliansky S., KovaÄić M., Lawson J.M., Lorance P., McCully Phillips S., Munroe T., Nedreaas K., Nielsen J., Papaconstantinou C., Polidoro B., Pollock C.M., Rijnsdorp A.D., Sayer C., Scott J., Serena F., Smith-Vaniz W.F., Soldo A., Stump E., Williams J.T. (2015). Europen Red List of Marine Fishes. IUCN and European Union, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 90 pp.
Santos M.N., Gaspar M.B., Vasconcelos P., Monteiro C.C. (2002). Weight–length relationships for 50 selected fish species of the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). Fisheries Research, 59(1): 289-295.
