MadeiraFish



Scientific name: Centrophorus squamosus
Nome comum: Xara-branca; Lixa; Tubarão
Common name: Leafscale gulper shark
Classification: CHORDATA > ELASMOBRANCHII > Squaliformes > Centrophoridae
Description: A deepwater shark with a short thick snout, and huge iridescent green eyes. Lower teeth much larger than upper teeth. High rough leaf-shaped lateral trunk denticles. Two dorsal fins with large grooved spines. Grey, brown or reddifhs brown above, usually similar below. Fins may be darker than the body but without prominent markings.
Global Distribution: Eastern Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific.
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BIOLOGICAL FEATURES
Size: Maximum length 164 cm (total length).
Age:
Weight length rel.: Bayesian estimated length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00136 - 0.00671), b=3.15 (2.95 - 3.35).
Growth type:
von Bertallanfy growth parameters:
Reproduction: Ovoviviparous.
Maturity: 128.0 cm, range 110 - 158 cm.
Behavioural ecology:
Population structure & migrations:
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Depth range: FishBase: 145 - 2400 m.
Habitat: Bathydemersal. Found on or near the bottom of continental slopes; also found pelagically in the upper 1,250 m of water 4,000 m deep.
Feeding habits: Presumed to feed on fishes and cephalopods.
Trophic level: FishBase: 4.2
FISHERIES
   
Commercial interest: Minor commercial species. By-catch of the longline black scabbardfish fishery in Madeira.
Conservation status: Global: Vulnerable.
Northeast Atlantic: Endangered.
Europe: Endangered.
Nutritional information & food safety:
Proximate composition per 100 g:
energy value 94.3 kcal (4.7% DRV)
protein 20.0 g (40.0% DRV)
fat 0.99 g (1.4% DRV)
of which saturates 0.201 g (1.0% DRV)
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 0.462 g
REFERENCES
Direcção Regional de Pescas, Madeira.

Ebert D.A., Stehmann M.F.W. (2013). Sharks, batoids, and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, No. 7. FAO, Rome, 523 pp.

Froese, R., Pauly D., editors (2011) .FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (07/2014). www.fishbase.org/summary/Centrophorus-squamosus.html

Gibson C., Valenti S.V., Fordham S.V., Fowler S.L. (2008). The Conservation of Northeast Atlantic Chondrichthyans: Repost of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group Northeast Atlantic Red List Workshop. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Groups, NatureBureau, Newbury, UK, 76 pp.

IUCN (2014). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. www.iucnredlist.org

Nieto A., Ralph G.M., Comeros-Raynal M.T., Kemp J., García Criado M., Allen D.J., Dulvy N.K., Walls R.H.L., Russell B., Pollard D., García S., Craig M., Collette B.B., Pollom R., Biscoito M., Labbish Chao N., Abella A., Afonso P., Álvarez H., Carpenter K.E., Clò S., Cook R., Costa M.J., Delgado J., Dureuil M., Ellis J.R., Farrell E.D., Fernandes P., Florin A-B., Fordham S., Fowle, S., Gil de Sola L., Gil Herrera J., Goodpaster A., Harvey M., Heessen H., Herler J., Jung A., Karmovskaya E., Keskin C., Knudsen S.W., Kobyliansky S., Kovačić M., Lawson J.M., Lorance P., McCully Phillips S., Munroe T., Nedreaas K., Nielsen J., Papaconstantinou C., Polidoro B., Pollock C.M., Rijnsdorp A.D., Sayer C., Scott J., Serena F., Smith-Vaniz W.F., Soldo A., Stump E., Williams J.T. (2015). Europen Red List of Marine Fishes. IUCN and European Union, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 90 pp.

Økland H.M.W., Stoknes I.S., Remme J.F., Kjerstad M., Synnes M. (2005). Proximate composition, fatty acid and lipid class composition of the muscle from deep-sea teleosts and elasmobranchs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 140: 437-443.