Description: A relatively small fish. Body fairly deep and laterally compressed. Large eyes, long snout, head profile concave over eye. Small oblique mouth, very protractile, forming a short tube when protruded. Dorsal fin continuous, with a short spinous portion separated by a notch from a longer soft ray portion. Females are uniformly dark rose or red while the males have a pattrn of vertical red and white stripes on the flanks.
Global Distribution: Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean (mainly western part). View Map
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES
Size: Maximum length 30.0 cm (total length); common length 13.0 cm (standard length). Females are larger than males.
Growth type: Positive allometric (Torres et al. 2012).
von Bertallanfy growth parameters:
Reproduction:
Maturity:
Behavioural ecology: Gregarious; forms schools.
Population structure & migrations:
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Depth range: FishBase: 40 - 700 m.
Habitat: Demersal. Found over rock, coral, or sandy ground.
Feeding habits: Feeds on crustaceans, polychaetes, and molluscs.
Trophic level: FishBase: 3.1
FISHERIES
Commercial interest: Low commercial interest.
Conservation status: Global: Not evaluated.
Europe: Least concern.
Nutritional information & food safety:
Proximate composition per 100 g:
energy value 148.2 kcal (7.4% DRV)
protein 17.2 g (34.4% DRV)
fat 4.8 g (6.9% DRV)
REFERENCES
Borges T.C., Olim S., Erzini K. (2003). Weight–length relationships for fish species discarded in commercial fisheries of the Algarve (southern Portugal). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19(6): 394-396.
Carpenter K.E., ed. (2002). The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. FAO, Rome, pp. 601-1374.
Christiansen B., Martin B., Hirch S. (2009). The benthopelagic fish fauna on the summit on Seine Seamount, NE Atlantic: Composition, population structure and diets. Deep-Sea Research II, 56: 2705-2712.
Hureau J.-C., ed. (1984-1985). Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO. Accessed through: Marine Species Identification Portal. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://species-identification.org (2014).
IUCN (2014). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. www.iucnredlist.org
Nieto A., Ralph G.M., Comeros-Raynal M.T., Kemp J., GarcÃa Criado M., Allen D.J., Dulvy N.K., Walls R.H.L., Russell B., Pollard D., GarcÃa S., Craig M., Collette B.B., Pollom R., Biscoito M., Labbish Chao N., Abella A., Afonso P., Ãlvarez H., Carpenter K.E., Clò S., Cook R., Costa M.J., Delgado J., Dureuil M., Ellis J.R., Farrell E.D., Fernandes P., Florin A-B., Fordham S., Fowle, S., Gil de Sola L., Gil Herrera J., Goodpaster A., Harvey M., Heessen H., Herler J., Jung A., Karmovskaya E., Keskin C., Knudsen S.W., Kobyliansky S., KovaÄić M., Lawson J.M., Lorance P., McCully Phillips S., Munroe T., Nedreaas K., Nielsen J., Papaconstantinou C., Polidoro B., Pollock C.M., Rijnsdorp A.D., Sayer C., Scott J., Serena F., Smith-Vaniz W.F., Soldo A., Stump E., Williams J.T. (2015). Europen Red List of Marine Fishes. IUCN and European Union, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 90 pp.
Sequeira V., Neves A, Paiva R.B., Viera A.R., Canário A., Gordo L.S. (2014). Diversity of sexual strategies of fish species caught by bottom trawl off the western Iberian Peninsula. Marine Biology Research, in press.
Spitz J., Mourocq E. Schoen V., Ridoux V. (2010). Proximate composition and energy content of forage species from the Bay of Biscay: high- or low-quality food? ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67(5): 909-915.
Torres M.A., Ramos F., Sobrino I. (2012). Length–weight relationships of 76 fish species from the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Fisheries Research, 127: 171-175.
